Lightweight Multifactor Authentication Scheme for NextGen Cellular Networks

With increased interest in 6G (6th Generation) cellular networks that can support intelligently small-cell communication will result in effective device-to-device (D2D) communication. High throughput requirement in 5G/6G cellular technology requires each device to act as intelligent transmission relays. Inclusion of such intelligence relays and support of quantum computing at D2D may compromise existing security mechanisms and may lead towards primitive attacks such as impersonation attack, rouge device attack, replay attack, MITM attack, and DoS attack. Thus, an effective yet lightweight security scheme is required that can support existing low computation devices and can address the challenges that 5G/6G poses. This paper proposes a Lightweight ECC (elliptic curve cryptography)-based Multifactor Authentication Protocol (LEMAP) for miniaturized mobile devices. LEMAP is the extension of our previous published work TLwS (trust-based lightweight security scheme) which utilizes ECC with Elgamal for achieving lightweight security protocol, confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation. Multi-factor Authentication is based on OTP (Biometrics, random number), timestamp, challenge, and password. This scheme has mitigated the above-mentioned attacks with significantly lower computation cost, communication cost, and authentication overhead. We have proven the correctness of the scheme using widely accepted Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic and analyzed the performance of the scheme by using a simulator. The security analysis of the scheme has been conducted using the Discrete Logarithm Problem to verify any quantum attack possibility. The proposed scheme works well for 5G/6G cellular networks for single and multihop scenarios.

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Traffic Signal Phase Scheduling Based on Device-to-Device Communication

Device-to-device (D2D) communications enable direct communications among mobile entities, which brings new revolutions to existing cellular networks. Many use cases which can benefit from D2D are introduced such as vehicles-to-vehicles communication, vehicles-to-infrastructure communication, machine-to-machine communication, and so on. With the help of these information communication techniques, we propose a real-time traffic signal control approach to relieve traffic problems in this paper. Currently, a series of traffic problems, such as traffic congestion, traffic accidents, and vehicle exhaust emission, are increasingly inconveniencing city residents, especially in rush hours. One of the most dominating approaches to relieve the traffic congest is to determine the phase timing of traffic signals. However, a major shortcoming of the existing phase timing related control strategies is of highly computational complexity, which causes, to some extent, a response delay. The approach based on D2D communication, in this paper, on one hand can collect data of various types via sensors and actuators and on the other hand can reduce the response time as much as possible. Specifically, considering an intersection with four legs, we encoded the corresponding set of signal lights of each leg using a genetic algorithm. To evaluate the efficiency of phase timing plan in this paper, we have conducted extensive simulations, and the results show that our approach can respond to the considered traffic flow within one second. Compared with other traffic signal control systems, the performance is improved almost by 67% with regards to the queue length waiting at the intersections during traffic signal light cycle(s).

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